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Flu

Influenza

What it is

Influenza (the flu) is a contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. Symptoms usually appear suddenly and may include fever, cough, sore throat, muscle and joint aches, fatigue, chills, and headache.

Related sheet available: Common Cold

What you can do at home

What to do
  • Get as much rest as possible.
  • Sleep with your head slightly elevated. For example, place a pillow under the mattress or raise the head of the bed slightly.
  • Take warm showers or baths.
  • For children, allow them to play in the bath or accompany them in the shower. The steam may help them breathe easier.
  • Keep the air in your home clean and slightly humid (between 30% and 50% humidity).
  • Ask your pharmacistfor advice on the best medications to relieve your symptoms.
  • To reduce pain, take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil). When in doubt, ask a pharmacist for advice. 

Important: Ibuprofen is contraindicated for children under 6 months of age.

To stay hydrated and nourish your body

  • Drink plenty of water.
  • Drink warm liquids such as broth.
  • Eat several small meals throughout the day, even if your appetite is reduced.
  • For babies and young children, offer breast milk, formula, or other fluids frequently.

To relieve other symptoms

If needed, see the advice sheets for:

  • Cough
  • Stuffy nose (nasal congestion)
  • Fatigue
  • Sore throat
  • Outer Ear Infection
  • Infection Behind the Eardrum

To help prevent spreading the infection

  • Wash your hands frequently.
  • Do not share items that have come into contact with the sick person’s mouth.
  • Stay home during the most contagious period.
  • Avoid close contact with other people.
  • Avoid contact with babies, young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.
  • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and objects regularly.
Avoid
  • Smoking or vaping.
  • Places with smoke or dust.

When to seek medical attention

Fever lasting 5 days or longer
Fever that returns after being gone for 24 hours, even after following the recommended care
Sore throat, cough or runny nose lasting more than 7 days without improvement
Cough lasting more than 3 weeks
Ear pain that continues despite following the recommended care
Leg pain lasting more than 3 days
Fever in people at higher risk:
  • people with weakened immune systems
  • people who are pregnant
Adults aged 75 and older:

when the fever makes it difficult to carry out one or more daily activities (for example, preparing meals or bathing)

Not having received the influenza vaccine

To better protect yourself, get vaccinated before respiratory viruses begin circulating. Vaccination is especially recommended for people who are at higher risk of complications.

 

Besoin d’aide?

Make an appointment on Clic Santé if your child needs a vaccination.

Call Info-Santé at 811, Option 1, to speak with a nurse at any time.  

Go to the pharmacy for advice on medications or treatment.

Make an appointment at your medical clinic or CLSC.

If you do not have a family doctor, go gap.soinsvirtuels or call 811, Option 3.

When to go to the hospital right away

Severe headache that persists despite following the recommended care
Dizziness or feeling faint
Fever in a baby younger than 3 months
Rapid changes in overall condition:
  • unusual fatigue, excessive sleepiness or difficulty staying awake
  • little or no response to what is happening around the person
  • confusion, agitation or unusual behaviour
  • hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there)
  • significantly decreased appetite or thirst
  • difficulty carrying out usual daily activities
Severe difficulty breathing, especially if:
  • breathing becomes increasingly difficult, even at rest
  • there is a high-pitched breathing sound (stridor)
  • the chest or abdomen pulls inward with each breath (retractions)
  • in babies and children under 2 years old, the nostrils flare with each breath
Signs of dehydration that continue despite drinking plenty of fluids, such as:
  • dry mouth
  • extreme thirst
  • dark yellow urine
  • no urine for more than 12 hours
  • crying without tears
  • weakness
  • in young children, refusing to drink
Return within the last 12 weeks from a country where malaria is a risk according to the Government of Canada: